This post is about money. Not
about how I have very little money, or what I do with said money. I'm talking
about the aesthetic qualities of Dominican currency.
One day last week I saw a 2000
peso note for the first time since I arrived. It had two dudes on the front,
one named Emilio Prud'homme. I didn't think much of it other than "hm, he
might be Haitian/French" as Hispaniola was once a French nation.
Today in history class, his
name came up again and I learned he's one of the authors of the Dominican
national anthem, Quisqueyanos valientes. I
looked at the bills I have in my cash stash in my room to see if I could place
the other Dominican national heroes on the bills, and I know who most of them
are.
It got me thinking about
American currency and which famous Americans are on our bank notes and coins.
Unlike US currency, Dominican bills and coins have national heroes other than
presidents. I don't know a lot about the famous Dominicans on peso notes and
coins. I am learning about them.
It made me ask: how many
Americans really know about the men (and women) on our currency?
I did a quick blurb on each
piece of common US currency with facts I recall from history classes and stuff
I found via Google. Before I get to that, I want to point out that many of our
national heroes have streets named after them in the DR; Avenida Lincoln,
Washington, etc. They're just as important as Simon Bolivar (liberator of Latin
American nations from Spain) and Maximo Gomez (Dominican born in Bani but
general in the Cuban army and helped Cuba gain independence).
Here's what I can tell you
about the guys featured on American money, in a nutshell.
$1: George Washington. The
father of our country, brilliant military strategist, destroyer of cherry
trees. The reverse side has the Great Seal of the United States.
$2: Thomas Jefferson. Purveyor
of black women, writer (author of the Declaration of Independence),
philosopher, founder of the University of Virginia, imperialist president who
acquired tons of land via the Louisiana Purchase and commissioning the Lewis
and Clark expedition. The reverse is an artistic depiction of the signing of
the Declaration of Independence. The original painting us hanging in the US
Capitol Rotunda.
$5: Abraham Lincoln. Shot in
the head. Morbid. Before that he was the president during one of the most
challenging times for the country. He emancipated slaves and modernized
economics and finance in the country. A self-made man and main character of
Abraham Lincoln, Vampire Hunter
a novel that came out last year with a movie set for a 2012 release. Beat that,
George Washington! The reverse side of the bill has the Lincoln Memorial.
$10: Alex Hamilton. A founder
of US, born and raised in West Indies--bet you didn't know that! He was born
Nevis, when the current federation of St. Kitts and Nevis was part of the
British West Indies. He was also the first US Secretary of the Treasury. The
reverse side is the US Treasury building.
$20: Andrew Jackson. Father of
the Democratic party, supporter of slavery and relocation of indigenous
American people, managed to pay off the national debt in 1835--the only time
that's ever happened in US history--but only two years later a depression came
along and wrecked the economy anew. He was also against the electoral college (good
man). The reverse side is the White House.
$50: Ulysses S. Grant.
Commander of the Union army during the Civil War, crusader for civil rights for
African Americans and Native Americans, passed the 15th Amendment (prohibiting
the government from denying a citizen's right to vote based on the citizen's
race, color, or previous condition of servitude), tried to annex Hispaniola in
the 1870s but failed, survived quite a few political scandals during this
presidency. The reverse side is the US Capitol.
$100: Ben Franklin. True
renaissance man who liked beer, physics, satire, and turkey. A working-class
man with musical talents, journalism experience, and a knack for foreign
diplomacy. Probably one of my favorite American heroes. The reverse side of
this bill has Independence Hall, a building in Philadelphia where the
Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were debated and adopted.
American coins have several
repeats from the bank notes (Jefferson on the nickel, Washington on the
quarter, Lincoln on the penny). Basically the only widely used coin that
doesn't feature a bank note figure is the dime, Franklin Delano Roosevelt coin.
FDR was a badass. He gets the smallest coin in size. Meh.
The reverse side of the coins
change so much that I won't even bother analyzing them. Plus we had the 50
State quarters thing for a while and that was a gimmick at best.
The rest of the US coins are
rarely used and annoying. I used to work as a cashier and I would dread half
dollars and gold dollars. There aren't spaces for those in the till drawers and
I was always pushed to give them out in change to customers. The customers
didn't want them and be rude to me because of it. I really don't care who's on
those. Sorry, JFK, Susan B. Anthony, Sacagawea, and Statue of Liberty.
Now for the Dominican currency.
With pictures! As you will see here, the reverse sides of the Dominican notes
are much more interesting than those of the US bank notes.
20 pesos: Gregorio Luperón/National
Pantheon
Luperón was a military and
state leader in the Dominican Restoration War after Spanish annexation in 1863.
He was 22 years old when he took up the fight against Spain and fled briefly to
the US after he was arrested for his dissidence. His initial efforts against
Spain were unsuccessful but he regrouped and led his forces again, which
prevailed in 1865. Since then, the DR has been an independent country. The
reverse side shows the National Pantheon, a mausoleum which holds the bodies of
Dominican national heroes, including several of the men on the larger Dominican
bills. Luperón is buried there. The pantheon was renovated in the 1950s by
order of Rafael Trujillo, Dominican history's greatest monster.
50 pesos: Catedral de Santa María
de la Encarnación de Santo Domingo/Basílica de Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia
El cathedral was the first
cathedral built in the New World. I posted pictures of it from my Zona Colonial
post back in September. The reverse side has a picture of La Basílica is a very
important church in the eastern part of the country, also known as La Basílica
de Higüey.
100 pesos: Francisco del
Rosario Sánchez, Juan Pablo Duarte y Matías Ramón Mella/Puerta del Conde
Sánchez, Duarte, and Mella.
Think Jefferson, Washington, and John Adams. These three dudes are the founding
fathers of the Dominican Republic. All three were leaders of the 1844 Dominican
War of Independence from Haiti, a 22 year war that eventually broke the DR free
from Haitian invasion. The three are buried together at Altar de la Patria in
Santo Domingo. They were known as Los Trinitarios. To write about each of their
contributions to Dominican history and national identity would require a book,
but know that Duarte has a mountain named after him--Pico Duarte, the highest
point in the DR. On the reverse side of the bill is La Puerta del Conde (the
count's gate), where the three are buried.
200 pesos: Hermanas
Mirabal/Monumento a las Hermanas Mirabal
Las Hermanas Mirabal were four
Dominican sisters who strongly opposed Trujillo's regime in the 1950s and
1960s. Three of the sisters were assassinated, and the killers are still
unknown today. Two of the sisters were arrested and tortured and three of their
husbands faced similar fates. The second youngest sister Minerva became a
lawyer and was the de facto leader, taking extreme action after experiencing
sexual harassment and general asshattery from Trujillo himself. The second
oldest sister Dede is alive today and established the
Museo Hermanas Mirabal
in the sisters' hometown of Salcedo. The
sisters' lives have been subjects of several books and films, including the
most famous In the Time of Butterflies.
The reverse side is of course the monument for the sisters in Salcedo. These
women were badasses in a time when women weren't allowed to be badasses, but
also during a time when it was absolutely necessary for them to do so. I like
them.
500 pesos: Salomé Ureña y Pedro
Henríquez Ureña/Banco Central de la República Dominicana
Salomé was a poet and crusader
for the education of women in the DR in the mid 1800s--another woman who was a
badass. In the 1880s she opened a school for higher education of women, which
produced female teachers, a groundbreaking thing for the country. She had four
children who all became respected writers and artists, one being Pedro. Pedro
wrote a ton of important works in Dominican literature and was a strong
proponent of Hispanic-American cultural values. The national library is named after
him, and the street I have to cross every day to go to classes at UNIBE is also
named after him. The reverse side of the bill has an image of the central bank
of the country. Better respect where the money comes from.
1000 pesos: Palacio
Nacional/Alcázar de Colón
Two buildings on the same bill.
El Palacio houses the offices of
the executive branch (president and vice president) of the DR. Unlike the White
House, the president and VP don't live there. It was built in 1944-the
centennial of DR's independence from Haiti. Alcázar de Colón is the oldest residence in the Americas and
is part of the Colonial Zone World Heritage site. It is a museum that houses
the Caribbean's most important works of late European Renaissance and medieval
works of art. It was built in 1509 under Diego Colón (Christopher Columbus'
son).
Fun fact: most of the ATMs here dispense money in 500 and 1000 notes.
2000 pesos: Emilio Prud'homme y
José Rufino Reyes Siancas/Teatro Nacional
Like I said before, Prud'homme
and Reyes composed the DR's national anthem. Prud'homme helped establish
Dominican national identity following the country’s independence from Spain. He
was a legislator in Congress and was an outspoken critic of the US. He was also
an author who wrote fervently nationalist works and wrote the words to Quisqueyanos
valientes. Reyes wrote the music. Reyes was
a youth during the 1844 independence and was inspired to join the army. As a
soldier he studied music and learned to play several instruments, cello being
his best. Most of his compositions were unpublished. The anthem was written in
1883 but was not made official until 1934, again by Trujillo. The Teatro Nacional is part of La Plaza de Cultura and hosts a theatre, a library, and a center for the recovery, preservation and dissemination of Dominican Music.
Believe it or not, I wrote
about half of all of that from memory. The rest is Google and Wikipedia (en
español at times, what).
The coins are more complex than
the coins in the US. There's a lot going on with these. Most of them have an
important figure (Duarte, Sánchez, Mella, and Luperón) on the front and the DR
coat of arms on the back. The 25 peso piece for example features Luperón.
Reading about the heroes on DR currency tells me a little
bit more about the country. There's no way to know everything about how the
country was shaped just by looking at the money. But this entire exercise
started by me seeing a French name like Prud'homme and wondering what that was
all about. I fell down the rabbit hole. I liked what I found.
Also I apologize for some of the wonky HTML. Holy hell was it a pain in the ass to get it right. Blogger should have an easier interface.